Protects toes from shocks while walking. Certain models have a rubber toe-cap which ensures better protection of toes. Present on certain models, this seam, situated on top of the upper, brings more comfort during walking. Specially designed for growing children's feet. it prevents the foot shifting to the side, allows good positioning of the heel and provides a complement to the action of the arch of the foot thanks to its internal prolongation. This goes very low to facilitate getting one's foot in. This is a thin sole attached to the last which enables the upper to be assembled with the outer sole by means of the soldering technique. . This is a sole made of supple, soft leather which the foot lies on directly. Made from supple material (rubber or elastomer) and non-slip, it provides comfort and protection to the child's foot. This is a manufacturing process. The stitched upper is mounted on the last and assembled with the insole in order to form a unit to which the outer sole will be glued. This support must be light and supple to encourage formation of the foot arch. This is the support placed under the heel seat to give the shoe its plumb. Its height is studied and gives the child a dynamic walking step. . Assembled from numerous pieces of leather, it is made of supple "extra" quality kip leather, lined with very soft skin for greater comfort.